The Legends of Oduduwa vary greatly. This Web
page depicts several of the Stories.
| Several
legends concerning the origin and ancestry of Oduduwa abound in Yoruba and Benin
mythology. The Yorubas believe he is the father of the Yorubas and progenitor of all
Yoruba Oba's and the Oba of Benin. The Bini believe that he is a Benin prince called
EKALADERHAN who was banished by his father, the Ogiso of Benin. His name, the Binis claim,
is derived from 'Idoduwa", a Bini word meaning fortune's path, symbolizing the
painful exile from his ancestral home. In support of this, they claim, Oduduwa's son
Oranmiyan later returned to Benin to rule the Empire around 1,000 AD. Oduduwa is believed
to have had several sons (16 in number) who later became powerful traditional rulers of
Yoruba land, most notably Alafin of Oyo, Oni of Ife, Oragun of Ila, Owa of Ilesha, Alake
of Abeokuta and Osemawe of Ondo. Yoruba tradition holds that Oduduwa fled from Mecca to
Ile-Ife, bringing with him the Ifa religion which was under persecution in Mecca. He
established it firmly in Ile-Ife and founded the Ogboni cult to protect the ancient
customs and institutions of his people. The Oduduwa shrine is still worshipped today in
Ile-Ife as the cradle of Yoruba culture. |
|
Hero of the Yoruba People
and common Ancestor
Obatala is sometimes known
as Oduduwa (in Ife)
Oduduwa the first Oni if
Ife, fathered sixteen sons who founded the sixteen original kingdoms of the Yoruba
Regarded in Ife as the
Orisa who created dry land and performed feats elsewhere attributed to Obatala
The oral history of the
Yoruba describes an origin myth, which tells of God lowering a chain at Ile-Ife, down
which came Oduduwa, the ancestor of all people, bringing with him a cock, some earth, and
a palm kernel. The earth was thrown into the water, the cock scratched it to become land,
and the kernel grew into a tree with sixteen limbs, representing the original sixteen
kingdoms. The empire of Oyo arose at the end of the 15th century aided by Portuguese guns.
Expansion of the kingdom is associated with the acquisition of the horse. At the end of
the 18th century civil war broke out at Oyo, the rebels called for assistance to the
Fulani, but the latter ended up conquering all of Oyo by the 1830s. The Fulani invasion
pushed many Yoruba to the south where the towns of Ibadan and Abeokuta were founded. In
the late 1880s, with the help of a British mediator, a treaty was signed between the
various warring factions. Yorubaland was officially colonized by the British in 1901, but
a system of indirect rule was established that mimicked the structure of Yoruba
governance.
Yoruba Anthem
E je ka fi'imo sokan
'Tori ile baba wa
Lati tun se
Lati gbe ga
Fun 'losiwau rere
Ija irepo lo ye wa
Ka ja fun 'le baba wa
Nitori wa
'Tori omo wa
Nitori ojo ola
Omo Oduduwa ni wa
Nibikibi ta ba wa
Ka si ma ranti
Pe a o pada sile.
|
English Translation
In unity let's stand
On behalf of our fatherland
To rebuild it
To reform it
For the betterment of all
Let all of us unite
To defend our motherland
For our progress
And for our children's
And for all posterity
Oduduwa is our spring
Wherever we may be
Let's be kinfolks
And remember
That home is home for us |
